Membrane filters serve as effective physical barriers that remove solids, viruses, bacteria, and other unwanted molecules. Specialized types are designed for softening, disinfecting, organic removal processing, and water desalination. The filters can be installed in compact, automated, or modular units. These strainers can be used as separators between stacked discs in a single filter holder during serial filtration. Membrane filters are virtually inert to chemical and biological agents, ensuring stability when filtering concentrated acids, alkalis, or oxidizers.